Inaktivasi Virus adalah bertujuan untuk mematikan daya pathogenitas virus tetapi tidak merusak sifat antigenitasnya, sehingga ketika virus/antigen dimasukan ke tubuh target, virus tersebut tidak menyebabkan sakit tetapi tetap mampu merespon terbentuknya kekebalan (antibodi)
Berikut beberapa chemical dan prosedur proses inaktifasi virus yang umum dipergunakan dalam proses inaktifasi virus dalam memproduksi vaksin hewan dilengkapi dengan link journalnya
1. Formalin
- Virus ND
Konsentrasi : 0,04 – 0,1%, Inkubasi 37˚C : 16 jam
American Association of Avian Pathologists : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1591214
Evaluation of Different Methods of Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus and Avian Influenza Virus in Egg Fluids and Serum
Konsentrasi : 0,04 %, Inkubasi 37˚C : 24 jam
Veterinary Research Communications, 12 (1988) 195-197 Geo Abstracts Ltd, Norwich-printed in England : https://eurekamag.com/pdf/001/001517990.pdf
A Premliminary Vaccine Potency Trial of A Newcastle Disease Virus Inactivated with Binary Ethylenimine
Konsentrasi : 0,025 %, 0,025 %, Room temperature (20 ˚C) 1 hari
NCBI-NIH
Inactivation of haemagglutinin and infectivity of influenza and Newcastle disease viruses by heat and by formalin
Konsentrasi : 0,1%, Inkubasi 37˚C : 16 jam
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute : https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Immunogenicity-of-commercial-%2C-formaldehyde-and-in-Toroghi Babaei/21f4f22022c582eacf3c8a6fe71a863cd363e2f6
Immunogenicity of commercial , formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccines in specific pathogen free chickens
Konsentrasi : 0,04 – 0,1%, Inkubasi 37˚C : 16 jam
- Virus AI H5N1
American Association of Avian Pathologists
Evaluation of Different Methods of Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus and Avian Influenza Virus in Egg Fluids and SerumVirus AI H9N2
Researchgate :https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5555151
An_inactivated vaccine to control the current H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza in Korea
Konsentrasi : 0,02%, Inkubasi 37°C 18 jam
Antigenic evolution of H9N2 chicken influenza viruses isolated in China during 2009–2013 and selection of a candidate vaccine strain with broad cross-reactivity
Konsentrasi : 0.025%, Inkubasi 4°C minimal 1 minggu
Journal of Virologi : https://jvi.asm.org/content/jvi/91/6/e01693-16.full.pdf
Vaccine Efficacy of Inactivated, Chimeric Hemagglutinin H9/H5N2 Avian Influenza Virus and Its Suitability for the Marker Vaccine Strategy
Konsentrasi : 0,1%, Inkubaasi 4°C, 24 jam
NCBI- Journal Veterinary Science: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808641/
Assessment of the safety and efficacy of low pathogenic avian influenza (H9N2) virus in inactivated oil emulsion vaccine in laying hens
Konsentrasi : 0.12%, Inkubasi 37°C, 48 jam
Advacements in life Science: http://www.als-journal.com/427-17/:
Comparative efficacy of different adjuvant containing inactivated vaccines against low-pathogenicity Avian InfluenzaH9N2 virus
Konsentrasi : 0,04 – 0,1%; Inkubasi 37°C, 16 jam atau 48 jam
Elsevier Journal of Virologi Methods: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166093415001883?via%3Dihub
Evaluation of different inactivation methods for high and lowpathogenic avian influenza viruses in egg-fluids for antigenpreparationShailesh
Konsentrasi : 0.1%, Inkubasi 20°C, 10 jam
Genetic and antigenic evolution of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in domestic chickens in southwestern China, 2013±2016
Konsentrasi : 0.1%, Inkubasi 25°C, 24 jam
Archive Archives of Razi Institute: http://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_107486_0.html
Optimizing the process of inactivating influenza virus subtype H9N2 by formalin in the production of killed avian influenza vaccine
Konsentrasi : 0.1%, Inkubasi 37°C, 18 jam
Optimizing the process of inactivating influenza virus subtype H9N2 by formalin in the production of killed avian influenza vaccine
Konsentrasi : 0.1%, Inkubasi 25°C 18 jam
Preparation and Evaluation of H9N2 Vaccine Adjuvated with Montanide ISA71 VG- Virus IB
RESPON ANTIBODI DAN PROTEKSI VAKSIN INAKTIF INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS ISOLAT LOKAL PADA AYAM PETELUR
BBalitvet- Virus IBD
Konsentrasi : 0.1 - 0.2%. Inkubasi 37 °C : 24 jam
Immunogenicity of formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine inactivated infectious bursal disease virus in broiler chicks*
2. BPL (Beta-propiolakton)
- Virus ND
Konsentrasi : 0,025 – 0,1%, Inkubasi 4˚C : 18 jam kemudian Inkubasi 37˚C : 30 menit
American Association of Avian Pathologists : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1591214
Evaluation of Different Methods of Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus and Avian Influenza Virus in Egg Fluids and Serum
- Virus AI H5N1
Konsentrasi : 0,025 – 0,1%, Inkubasi 4˚C : 18 jam kemudian Inkubasi 37˚C : 30 menit
American Association of Avian Pathologists : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1591214
Evaluation of Different Methods of Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus and Avian Influenza Virus in Egg Fluids and SerumVirus AI H9N2
Konsentrasi : 0,1%., 38 bagian virus dikombinasikan + 1 bagian 0,5 M disodium fosfat (DSP), homoenkan, Tambahkan 1 bagian BPL (4%) Inkubasi 30 menit di atas es, diikuti oleh 2 jam inkubasipada 37 ° C untuk menghidrolisis BPL yang tersisa. PH larutan kemudian sesuaikan menjadi ~7,4 dengan 7% natrium bikarbonat.
NCBI-BioMed : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6029274/
BMC Reseach :https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-018-3537-9
Induction of immune response in chickensprimed in ovo with an inactivated H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine
Elseiver
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25997377
Evaluation of different inactivation methods for high and lowpathogenic avian influenza viruses in egg-fluids for antigenpreparationShailesh
- Virus IB
American Association of Avian Pathologists : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1588835
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus: Serologic Response of Chickens to Seven Beta-Propiolactione-Inactivated Strains
Konsentrasi : 0,025%, Inkubasi 37˚C : 2 jam sambil disteerer
American Association of Avian Pathologists : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1588835
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus: Serologic Response of Chickens to Seven Beta-Propiolactione-Inactivated Strains
Konsentrasi : 0,05%, Inkubasi 37˚C : 1,5 jam sambil disteerer
Arc". Raz; Ins. 56 (2003) 13-35: http://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_109025_455d22bbc2a9b8ce0b3a779d4ca92b20.pdf
Efficacy of Experimental Inactivated Vaccine for Infectious Bronchitis Disease
3. BEI (Binary Ethylenimine)
- Virus ND
American Association of Avian Pathologists : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1591214
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233231064 Avian_Influenza_Virus_H5N1_Inactivation_by_Binary_Ethylenimine/download
Evaluation of Different Methods of Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus and Avian Influenza Virus in Egg Fluids and Serum
Konsentrasi : 0,001 M, Inkubasi 37˚C : 24 jam
Research Gate : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233231064
_Avian_Influenza_Virus_H5N1_Inactivation_by_Binary_Ethylenimine/download Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Inactivation by Binary Ethylenimine
Konsentrasi : 4 mM, Inkubasi 30˚C : 21 jam
Semantic Scholar : https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Immunogenicity-of-commercial-%2C-formaldehyde-and-in-Toroghi-Babaei/21f4f22022c582eacf3c8a6fe71a863cd363e2f6
Immunogenicity of commercial , formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccines in specific pathogen free chickens
Konsentrasi : 0.001 M (1% v/v).
Veterinary Research Communications, 12 (1988) 195-197 Geo Abstracts Ltd, Norwich-printed in England : https://eurekamag.com/pdf/001/001517990.pdf
A Premliminary Vaccine Potency Trial of A Newcastle Disease Virus Inactivated with Binary Ethylenimine
Konsentrasi : 4 mM, Inkubasi 30˚C : 21 jam
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute ; https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Immunogenicity-of-commercial-%2C-formaldehyde-and-in-Toroghi-Babaei/21f4f22022c582eacf3c8a6fe71a863cd363e2f6
Immunogenicity of commercial , formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccines in specific pathogen free chickens
- Virus AI H5N1
American Association of Avian Pathologists : http://www.jstor.org/stable/1591214 Evaluation of Different Methods of Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus and Avian Influenza Virus in Egg Fluids and Serum
- Virus IBD
Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid
=9FBB35D7181AFAEB9111F401C8C7FC91?oi=10.1.1.521.9759&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Immunogenicity of formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine inactivated infectious bursal disease virus in broiler chicks*
Nah itulah artikel mengenai inaktifasi virus sebagai referensi untuk melakukan optimasi inaktifasi virus skala produksi
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